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21.
本文研究了沸石经NaCl、NaOH、HDTMA(溴化十六烷基三甲胺)改性后对焦化废水中的COD的去除效果.比较得出HDTMA改性沸石对COD的去除能力较好,而且废水的色度明显减小.接着进一步研究了该废水处理过程中的影响因素,包括吸附时间、烘干温度、改性剂HDTMA的浓度、pH值等.结果表明,HDTMA改性沸石处理焦化废水可使其COD的浓度降低至150mg/L以下,这到污水综合排放二级标准. 相似文献
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Mikael Karlsson 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2003,16(1):51-62
In spite of stricter provisions inthe new EU directive on deliberate release ofgenetically modified organisms (GMOs), criticsstill advocate a moratorium on permits forcultivation of GMOs. However, in an attempt tomeet concerns raised by the public, thedirective explicitly gives Member States thepossibility to take into consideration ethicalaspects of GMOs in the decision-making. Thisarticle investigates the potential effects ofsuch formulation by means of an empiricalanalysis of experiences gained the last yearsfrom similar Swedish regulations for GMOs,aiming at promoting sustainable development.The faulty implementation shown in the Swedishcase indicates that legal stipulations forethics as such have limited importance. It issuggested that public participation is animportant factor for successful implementationof the ethics of sustainable development. 相似文献
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Anne Ingeborg Myhr Terje Traavik 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2003,16(3):227-247
Risk governance of GM plants and GMfood products is presently subject to heatedscientific and public controversies. Scientistsand representatives of the biotechnologyindustry have dominated debates concerningsafety issues. The public is suspicious withregard to the motives of scientists, companies,and political institutions involved. Thedilemmas posed are nested, embracing valuequestions, scientific uncertainty, andcontextual issues. The obvious lack of data andinsufficient information concerning ecologicaleffects call for application of thePrecautionary Principle (PP). There are,however, divergent opinions among scientistsabout the relevance of putative hazards,definition of potential ``adverse effects,' andwhether actions should be taken to preventharm. The reliance on the concept ofsubstantial equivalence in safety evaluation ofGM food is equally controversial. Consequently,value assumptions embedded in a scientificframework may be a barrier for employment ofthe PP. One of our major conclusions is thatprecautionary GMP usage requires riskassessment criteria yet undeveloped, as well asbroader and more long-term conceptions of risk,uncertainty, and ignorance. Conflicts ofinterest and public participation are otherissues that need to be taken intoconsideration. GMP governance regimes that arejustifiable from a precautionary and ethicalpoint of view must transcend traditionalscientific boundaries to include alternativescientific perspectives as well as publicinvolvement. 相似文献
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Assya Pascalev 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2003,16(6):583-594
Thus far, the moral debateconcerning genetically modified foods (GMF) hasfocused on extrinsic consequentialist questionsabout the health effects, environmental impacts,and economic benefits of such foods. Thisextrinsic approach to the morality of GMF isdependent on unsubstantiated empirical claimsand fails to account for the intrinsic moralvalue of food and food choice and theirconnection to the agent's concept of the goodlife. I develop a set of objections to GMFgrounded in the concept of integrity andmaintain that food and food choice can beintimately connected to the agent's personalintegrity. I argue that due to the constitutionof GMF and the manner in which they areproduced, such foods are incompatible with thefundamental values and integrity of certainindividual moral agents or groups. I identifythree types of integrity that are threatened byGMF: religious, consumer, and integrity basedon certain other moral or metaphysical grounds.I maintain that these types of integrity aresufficiently important to provide justificationfor political and societal actions to protectthe interests of those affected. I conclude byproposing specific steps for handling GMFconsistent with the moral principles ofinformed consent, non-maleficence, and respectfor the integrity of all members of society.They include mandatory labeling of GMF, theimplementation of a system for control andregulations concerning such foods, andguaranteed provision of conventional foods. 相似文献
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用好氧-厌氧反复耦合固定床生物反应器处理肌苷生产废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用由多孔微生物载体构建的好氧-厌氧反复耦合固定床生物反应器进行了高浓度肌苷生产废水处理中试研究。连续84d的运行结果表明,当进水COD为1500-2700mg/L、水力停留时间为22.1h时,出水COD可维持在150mg/L左右,COD去除率达90%~95%。装置运行稳定后,未经沉淀的出水中的固体悬浮物质量浓度小于50mg/L,表明该反应器可避免剩余污泥的产生。中试结果验证了该反应器处理高浓度肌苷废水的可行性和优势,同时为装置放大提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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试验针对存在的氟污染饮用水问题,将天然沸石用NaOH和Al2(SO4)3溶液改性制成除氟材料.静态试验研究表明:改性沸石除氟吸附反应快,其最佳pH值范围为5~9,而且对氟离子具有较好的离子选择性能.通过动态试验研究发现,降低进水流量和原水浓度可以增大滤层的吸附容量.两种再生方式对比试验表明:用Al2(SO4)3溶液再生效果优于用NaOH和Al2(SO4)3溶液联合再生. 相似文献
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Alan?Rubelrstreiffer@wisc.edu" title="arubel@wisc.edu rstreiffer@wisc.edu" itemprop="email" data-track="click" data-track-action="Email author" data-track-label="">Email author Robert?Streiffer 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2005,18(1):75-84
In her recent article, “Does autonomy count in favor of labeling genetically modified food?,” Kirsten Hansen argues that in Europe, voluntary negative labeling of non-GM foods respects consumer autonomy just as well as mandatory positive labeling of foods with GM content. She also argues that because negative labeling places labeling costs upon those consumers that want to know whether food is GM, negative labeling is better policy than positive labeling. In this paper, we argue that Hansen’s arguments are mistaken in several respects. Most importantly, she underestimates the demands of respecting autonomy and overestimates the cost of positive labeling. Moreover, she mistakenly implies that only a small minority of people desire information about GM content. We also explore the extent to which her arguments would apply to the US context, and argue that any discussion of the relationship between autonomy and labeling should include not just considerations of consumer autonomy but also considerations of what we call citizen autonomy. 相似文献
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以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,利用磷酸活化-微波热解制取改性污泥。以此污泥作为吸附剂,对含Cd2+废水进行了吸附实验研究。考察了溶液反应时间、Cd2+浓度、pH值和吸附剂用量对镉吸附去除效果的影响;利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线,并考察了改性污泥吸附剂吸附Cd2+的动力学方程。实验结果表明,改性污泥对Cd2+有良好的吸附性能,吸附最佳pH值为6.0,吸附较好地符合一级动力学吸附模型和Langmuir-Freundlich等温吸附方程,吸附为物理吸附,吸附反应发生12 h后达到吸附平衡。 相似文献